These models establish the expected operational parameters for power flow under normal and contingency conditions. They are critical for utility operators to preemptively identify stress points and coordinate real-time adjustments, maintaining the integrity of national energy corridors.

Substation reference indicators are physical or digital markers that provide a fixed point for calibrating monitoring equipment. They ensure measurements of voltage, current, and phase angle are consistent and accurate across the interconnected grid.

A national energy corridor is a designated high-capacity transmission pathway that facilitates bulk power transfer between provinces. Its structural logic is governed by federal-provincial agreements, environmental assessments, and strict technical standards for voltage control and right-of-way management.